Loose estimates rounded for narrative/gaming purposes. For more precise conversions, see https://www.calculator.net/conversion-calculator.html.
DISTANCE / RANGE
feet to meters, miles to kilometers
5 ft. … 1.5 m (reach of most weapons)
10 ft. … 3 m (reach of glaive, halberd, lance, pike, whip)
15 ft. … 4.5 m
20 ft. … 6 m
25 ft. … 7.6 m
30 ft. … 9 m (Renaissance pistol, modern shotgun short range max.)
40 ft. … 12 m (laser pistol short range max.)
60 ft. … 18 m
80 ft. … 24 m (light crossbow, modern automatic rifle short range max.)
90 ft. … 27 m (Renaissance pistol, modern shotgun long range max.)
100 ft. … 30 m (heavy crossbow, laser rifle short range max.)
120 ft. … 36 m (hand crossbow, javelin, musket, laser pistol long range max.)
150 ft. … 45 m (longbow max. short range max.)
240 ft. … 73 m (modern automatic rifle long range max.)
265 ft. … 80 m (north-south Manhattan block)
300 ft. … 91 m (laser rifle long range max.)
320 ft. … 97 m (shortbow long range max.)
400 ft. … 121 m (heavy crossbow long range max.)
500 ft. … 152 m
600 ft. … 182 m (longbow long range max.)
700 ft. … 213 m
800 ft. … 243 m
900 ft. … 274 m
1 mile … 1.6 km
5 miles … 8 km
10 miles … 16 km
15 miles … 24 km
20 miles … 32 km
25 miles … 40 km
30 miles … 48 km
40 miles … 64 km
50 miles … 80 km
75 miles … 120 km
100 miles … 160 km
MASS / WEIGHT
carrat to grams, ounces to grams, pounds to kilograms
0.5 ct. … 0.1 g
0.75 ct. … 0.15 g
1 ct. … 0.2 g
2 ct. … 0.4 g
3 ct. … 0.6 g
4 ct. … 0.8 g
5 ct. … 1.0 g
6 ct. … 1.2 g
7 ct. … 1.4 g
10 ct. … 2.0 g
12 ct. … 2.4 g
16 ct. … 3.2 g
1 oz. … 28 g
8 oz. … 226 g
1 lb. (16 oz.) … 454 g
5 lbs. … 2,268 g
10 lbs. … 4.5 kg
20 lbs. … 9 kg
30 lbs. … 13 kg
40 lbs. … 18 kg
50 lbs. … 23 kg
75 lbs. … 34 kg
100 lbs. … 45 kg
125 lbs. … 57 kg
150 lbs. … 68 kg
175 lbs. … 80 kg
200 lbs. … 90 kg
225 lbs. … 100 kg
250 lbs. … 115 kg
275 lbs. … 125 kg
300 lbs. … 135 kg
325 lbs. … 145 kg
350 lbs. … 160 kg
375 lbs. … 170 kg
400 lbs. … 180 kg
450 lbs. … 205 kg
500 lbs. … 227 kg
550 lbs. … 250 kg
600 lbs. … 272 kg
700 lbs. … 317 kg
800 lbs. … 363 kg
900 lbs. … 408 kg
1,000 lbs. … 454 kg
1,250 lbs. … 567 kg
1,500 lbs. … 680 kg
1,750 lbs. … 794 kg
2,000 (1 ton) lbs. … 907 kg
3,000 (1.5 ton) lbs. … 1,360 kg
VOLUME
1 gallon
= 4 quarts
= 8 pints
= 16 cups
= 128 ounces
= 256 tablespoon
= 768 teaspoons
40 gallons … 151 liter (barrel)
3 gallons … 11.3 liter (bucket)
1 gallon … 3.8 liter (jug, pitcher or iron pot)
4 pints … 1.9 liter (waterskin)
1 quart … 0.95 liter (flask or tankard)
1.5 pints … 0.70 liter (bottle)
4 ounces … 118 ml (vial)
1 ounce … 30 ml (liquid volume of magic potion)
12 cubic feet … 0.34 cubic meter (chest)
1 cubic foot … 0.03 cubic meter (backpack or sack)
0.2 cubic foot … 0.005 cubic meter (pouch)
AREA
1 acre … 43,560 sq. ft.
1 acre … 0.40 hectare
1 acre … 4047 sq. meter
TEMPERATURE
Fahrenheit to Celsius
-459 F … -273 C (absolute zero)
-20 F … -29 C
-15 F … -26 C
-10 F … -23 C
-5 F … -20 C
0 F … -17 C (ideal freezer temp)
5 F … -15 C
10 F … -12 C
15 F … -9 C
20 F … -7 C
25 F … -4 C
30 F … -1 C
32 F … 0 C (freezing water)
40 F … 4 C (ideal refrigerator temp)
45 F … 7 C
50 F … 10 C
55 F … 13 C
60 F … 15 C
65 F … 18 C
70 F … 21 C
75 F … 24 C
80 F … 26 C
85 F … 30 C
90 F … 32 C
95 F … 35 C
100 F … 37 C
105 F … 40 C
110 F … 43 C
115 F … 46 C
120 F … 48 C (extreme desert)
165 F … 75 C (cooking meat)
212 F … 100 C (boiling water)
400 F … 205 C (oven)
900 F … 482 C (metal glows red)
1,300 F … 704 C (metal glows orange)
1,650 F … 900 C (orange magma/lava)
2,000 F … 1,093 C (typical forging temperature, metal glows yellow)
2,795 F … 1,535 C (iron melts)
5,432 F … 3,000 C (iron boils)
6,422 F … 3,550 C (diamond melts)
8,720 F … 4,826 C (diamond boils)